WASHINGTON - U.S. consumer prices were flat in January from December for the second month in a row, the latest sign inflation is in check. That could give the Federal Reserve leeway to continue its efforts to stimulate growth.
The consumer price index has risen 1.6 per cent in the 12 months ending in January, the Labor Department said Thursday. That's down from a 2.9 per cent pace a year ago.
Excluding the volatile food and energy categories, core prices rose 0.3 per cent in January. Core prices have risen 1.9 per cent in the past year, below the Fed's inflation target. That's also down from the 2.3 per cent pace in the same month a year ago.
The Fed is purchasing $85 billion in Treasurys and mortgage bonds each month in an effort to keep interest rates low. Last month, some Fed policymakers expressed concern the purchases could eventually cause inflation or disrupt bond markets, according to minutes of the Fed's Jan. 29-30 meeting released Wednesday.
But most private economists see little sign that prices are increasing at a troubling rate.
"As long as inflation readings remain relatively constrained and inflation expectations do not get out of control, the (Fed) has plenty of runway to continue its program," Dan Greenhaus, chief global strategist at brokerage BTIG, said in a note to clients.
Food prices were flat last month after rising for 10 straight months. And energy costs, which include gasoline, dropped 1.7 per cent.
The relief at the pump ended in recent weeks, with prices rising steadily this month. Higher gas prices will likely push up measures of inflation in February, though economists expect overall price increases to stay mild.
Gas prices averaged $3.78 a gallon ($1 a litre) nationwide on Thursday, according to AAA. That's up 47 cents from just a month ago.
Some economists said the increase in core prices could continue, causing a slight pickup in inflation. Core prices rose by the most in 20 months. They increased largely because of big jumps in the cost of clothing, hotel costs, and air fares. The gains in clothing and hotel costs were the most in about 18 months.
But increases at that magnitude are unlikely to be repeated, said Paul Ashworth, an economist at Capital Economics.
"At a time when the Fed is becoming more concerned about the costs of its unconventional monetary policies, it is striking that the inflation outlook remains benign," Ashworth said.
If the Fed feared that prices were rising too fast, it might have to raise interest rates. The Fed has kept the benchmark interest rate it controls at nearly zero, a record low, for more than four years.
Low inflation leaves consumers with more money to spend, which benefits the economy.
Inflation slowed dramatically last year. Consumer prices rose only 1.7 per cent in 2012, down from 3 per cent in 2011.
With job gains and economic growth steady but modest, many businesses are reluctant to raise prices for fear of losing customers. That's helped keep inflation mild. Workers also aren't able to demand higher wages when growth is weak. That limits their ability to spend more.
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